Nonstop Database, HiRDB Version 9 UAP Development Guide

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Preface

This manual describes the following items:

In this manual, a user application program is referred to as a UAP.

Intended readers

This manual is intended for users who will be constructing or operating HiRDB Version 9 ("HiRDB") relational database systems.

It is assumed that readers of this manual have the following:

Organization of this manual

This manual consists of the following chapters and appendixes:

1. Overview
Chapter 1 explains the work flow for creating UAPs and the types of SQL statements to be used.

2. Database Operations
Chapter 2 explains the data expressions used in a HiRDB database and the basic database operations.

3. UAP Design
Chapter 3 explains issues to be taken into consideration in designing a UAP.

4. UAP Design for Improving Performance and Handling
Chapter 4 describes issues that UAP designers should consider to improve UAP performance and usability.

5. Notes about Creating UAPs that Access Object Relational Databases
Chapter 5 describes notes about creating UAPs that access object relational databases.

6. Client Environment Setup
Chapter 6 explains the procedure for installing a HiRDB client and describes the environment definition for creating and executing a UAP.

7. UAP Creation
This chapter explains the creation of embedded SQL UAPs written in C or COBOL.

8. Preparation for UAP Execution
Chapter 8 explains the flow from UAP preprocessing to execution and the methods used in those operations.

9. Java Stored Procedures and Java Stored Functions
Chapter 9 explains the development of stored procedures and stored functions with Java.

10. C Stored Procedures and C Stored Functions
Chapter 10 explains how to use C language to develop stored procedures and stored functions.

11. UAP Troubleshooting
Chapter 11 explains collection of historical information for UAP execution and error information; also explains the UAP error types and recovery methods.

12. Command Execution from UAPs
Chapter 12 explains the execution of commands from UAPs.

13. Connection from an XDS Client
Chapter 13 explains the development work flow for a UAP that connects to a HiRDB server through an XDS client.

14. HiRDB Access from ODBC Application Programs
Chapter 14 explains the ODBC driver installation procedure and ODBC functions.

15. HiRDB Access from OLE DB Application Programs
Chapter 15 explains HiRDB access from OLE DB application programs.

16. HiRDB Access from ADO.NET-compatible Application Programs
Chapter 16 describes how to access HiRDB from application programs that are compliant with ADO.NET.

17. Type2 JDBC Driver
Chapter 17 explains the Type2 JDBC driver installation and JDBC functions.

18. Type4 JDBC Driver
Chapter 18 explains the Type4 JDBC driver installation and JDBC functions.

19. SQLJ
Chapter 19 explains how to use SQLJ to develop a UAP.

A. SQL Communications Area
Appendix A explains the organization and contents of the SQL Communications Area, as well as expansion of the SQL Communications Areas.

B. SQL Descriptor Area
Appendix B explains the organization and contents of the SQL Descriptor Area, as well as expansion of the SQL Descriptor Area.

C. Column Name Descriptor Area
Appendix C explains the organization and contents of the Column Name Descriptor Area, as well as expansion of the Column Name Descriptor Area.

D. Type Name Descriptor Area
Appendix D explains the organization and contents of the Type Name Descriptor Area and expansion of the area.

E. Character Set Descriptor Areas
Appendix E describes the organization and content of the character set descriptor areas. This appendix also explains how to extend character set descriptor areas.

F. SQL Data Types and Data Descriptions
Appendix F explains the correspondence between the SQL data types and the C data descriptions, and the correspondence between the SQL data types and the COBOL data descriptions.

G. Data Dictionary Table Retrieval
Appendix G explains the contents of the data dictionary tables and how to reference them.

H. Functions provided by HiRDB
Appendix H explains the hash function for table partitioning, the space conversion function, the function for conversion to a DECIMAL signed normalized number, and the function that sets the character code classification.

I. Scalar Functions That Can Be Specified in the Escape Clause
Appendix I lists the scalar functions that can be specified in the escape clause.

J. Character Code Conversion Rules When Character Sets Are Used
Appendix J explains the rules for converting character codes between selected character sets.

K. HiRDB SQL Tuning Advisor Environment Setup
Appendix K explains how to set up an environment for HiRDB SQL Tuning Advisor.

L. Maximum and Minimum HiRDB Values
Appendix L explains the HiRDB maximum and minimum values.

M. List of Sample UAPs
Appendix M provides a list of references to where HiRDB sample UAPs can be found.

Related publications

This manual is related to the following manuals, which should be read as required.

HiRDB (for UNIX)

HiRDB (for both Windows and UNIX)

In references to HiRDB Version 9 manuals, this manual omits the phrases for UNIX systems and for Windows systems. Refer to either the UNIX or Windows HiRDB manual, whichever is appropriate for your platform.

#: This manual has been published in Japanese only; it is not available in English.

For related products

#: This manual has been published in Japanese only; it is not available in English.

Organization of HiRDB manuals

The HiRDB manuals are organized as shown below. For the most efficient use of these manuals, it is suggested that they be read in the order they are shown, going from left to right.

[Figure]

[Figure]

Conventions: Abbreviations for product names

This manual uses the following abbreviations for product names:

Full name or meaning Abbreviation
HiRDB Server Version 9 HiRDB/Single Server HiRDB or HiRDB Server
HiRDB/Parallel Server
HiRDB/Developer's Kit Version 9 HiRDB/Developer's Kit HiRDB Client
HiRDB/Developer's Kit Version 9 (64)
HiRDB/Run Time Version 9 HiRDB/Run Time
HiRDB/Run Time Version 9 (64)
HiRDB Advanced High Availability Version 9 HiRDB Advanced High Availability
HiRDB Accelerator Version 8 HiRDB Accelerator
HiRDB Accelerator Version 9
HiRDB Non Recover Front End Server Version 9 HiRDB Non Recover FES
HiRDB Staticizer Option Version 9 HiRDB Staticizer Option
HiRDB Disaster Recovery Light Edition Version 9 HiRDB Disaster Recovery Light Edition
HiRDB Text Search Plug-in Version 9 HiRDB Text Search Plug-in
HiRDB XML Extension Version 9 HiRDB XML Extension
HiRDB Datareplicator Version 8 HiRDB Datareplicator
HiRDB Dataextractor Version 8 HiRDB Dataextractor
HiRDB Adapter for XML - Standard Edition HiRDB Adapter for XML
HiRDB Adapter for XML - Enterprise Edition
HiRDB Control Manager HiRDB CM
HiRDB Control Manager Agent HiRDB CM Agent
Hitachi TrueCopy TrueCopy
Hitachi TrueCopy basic
TrueCopy
TrueCopy remote replicator
JP1/Automatic Job Management System 3 JP1/AJS3
JP1/Automatic Job Management System 2
JP1/Automatic Job Management System 2 - Scenario Operation JP1/AJS2-SO
JP1/Cm2/Extensible SNMP Agent JP1/ESA
JP1/Cm2/Extensible SNMP Agent for Mib Runtime
JP1/Cm2/Network Node Manager JP1/NNM
JP1/Integrated Management - Manager JP1/Integrated Management or JP1/IM
JP1/Integrated Management - View
JP1/Magnetic Tape Access EasyMT
EasyMT
JP1/Magnetic Tape Library MTguide
JP1/NETM/Audit - Manager JP1/NETM/Audit
JP1/NETM/DM JP1/NETM/DM
JP1/NETM/DM Manager
JP1/Performance Management JP1/PFM
JP1/Performance Management - Agent Option for HiRDB JP1/PFM-Agent for HiRDB
JP1/Performance Management - Agent Option for Platform JP1/PFM-Agent for Platform
JP1/Performance Management/SNMP System Observer JP1/SSO
JP1/VERITAS NetBackup BS v4.5 NetBackup
JP1/VERITAS NetBackup v4.5
JP1/VERITAS NetBackup BS V4.5 Agent for HiRDB License JP1/VERITAS NetBackup Agent for HiRDB License
JP1/VERITAS NetBackup V4.5 Agent for HiRDB License
JP1/VERITAS NetBackup 5 Agent for HiRDB License
OpenTP1/Server Base Enterprise Option TP1/EE
Virtual-storage Operating System 3/Forefront System Product VOS3/FS VOS3
Virtual-storage Operating System 3/Leading System Product VOS3/LS
Virtual-storage Operating System 3/Unific System Product VOS3/US
Extensible Data Manager/Base Extended Version 2
XDM Basic Program XDM/BASE E2
XDM/BASE E2
XDM/Data Communication and Control Manager 3
XDM Data Communication Management System XDM/DCCM3
XDM/DCCM3
XDM/Relational Database
Relational Database System XDM/RD
XDM/RD XDM/RD
XDM/Relational Database Extended Version 2
Relational Database System XDM/RD E2
XDM/RD E2
VOS3 Database Connection Server DB Connection Server
Oracle WebLogic Server WebLogic Server
DB2 Universal Database for OS/390 Version 6 DB2
DNCWARE ClusterPerfect (Linux Edition) ClusterPerfect
JavaTM Java
Microsoft(R) Office Excel Microsoft Excel or Excel
Microsoft(R) Visual C++(R) Visual C++ or C++ language
PowerHA for AIX, V5.5 PowerHA
PowerHA SystemMirror V6.1
HP-UX 11i V2 (IPF) HP-UX or HP-UX (IPF)
HP-UX 11i V3 (IPF)
AIX 5L V5.2 AIX 5L AIX
AIX 5L V5.3
AIX V6.1 AIX V6.1
Linux(R) Linux
Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS 4 (AMD64 & Intel EM64T) Linux AS 4 Linux
Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS 4 (x86)
Red Hat Enterprise Linux ES 4 (AMD64 & Intel EM64T) Linux ES 4
Red Hat Enterprise Linux ES 4 (x86)
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5.1 Advanced Platform (x86) Linux 5.1
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5.1 (x86)
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5.1 Advanced Platform (AMD/Intel 64)
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5.1 (AMD/Intel 64)
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5.2 Advanced Platform (AMD/Intel 64) Linux 5.2
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5.2 (AMD/Intel 64)
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5.3 Advanced Platform (AMD/Intel 64) Linux 5.3
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5.3 (AMD/Intel 64)
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5.4 Advanced Platform (AMD/Intel 64) Linux 5.4
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5.4 (AMD/Intel 64)
Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS 4 (AMD64 & Intel EM64T) Linux (EM64T)
Red Hat Enterprise Linux ES 4 (AMD64 & Intel EM64T)
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5.1 Advanced Platform (AMD/Intel 64)
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5.1 (AMD/Intel 64)
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5.2 Advanced Platform (AMD/Intel 64)
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5.2 (AMD/Intel 64)
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5.3 Advanced Platform (AMD/Intel 64)
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5.3 (AMD/Intel 64)
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5.4 Advanced Platform (AMD/Intel 64)
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5.4 (AMD/Intel 64)
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5.1 Advanced Platform (x86) Linux 5 (x86) Linux 5
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5.1 (x86)
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5.1 Advanced Platform (AMD/Intel 64) Linux 5 (AMD/Intel 64)
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5.1 (AMD/Intel 64)
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5.2 Advanced Platform (AMD/Intel 64)
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5.2 (AMD/Intel 64)
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5.3 Advanced Platform (AMD/Intel 64)
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5.3 (AMD/Intel 64)
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5.4 Advanced Platform (AMD/Intel 64)
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5.4 (AMD/Intel 64)
turbolinux 7 Server for AP8000 Linux for AP8000
Microsoft(R) Windows NT(R) Workstation Operating System Version 4.0 Windows NT
Microsoft(R) Windows NT(R) Server Network Operating System Version 4.0
Microsoft(R) Windows(R) 2000 Professional Operating System Windows 2000
Microsoft(R) Windows(R) 2000 Server Operating System
Microsoft(R) Windows(R) 2000 Datacenter Server Operating System
Microsoft(R) Windows(R) 2000 Advanced Server Operating System
Microsoft(R) Windows(R) 2000 Advanced Server Operating System Windows 2000 Advanced Server
Microsoft(R) Windows Server(R) 2003, Standard Edition Windows Server 2003 Standard Edition Windows Server 2003
Microsoft(R) Windows Server(R) 2003, Enterprise Edition Windows Server 2003 Enterprise Edition
Microsoft(R) Windows Server(R) 2003, Standard x64 Edition Windows Server 2003 Standard x64 Edition
Microsoft(R) Windows Server(R) 2003, Enterprise x64 Edition Windows Server 2003 Enterprise x64 Edition
Microsoft(R) Windows Server(R) 2003 R2, Standard Edition Windows Server 2003 R2
Microsoft(R) Windows Server(R) 2003 R2, Enterprise Edition
Microsoft(R) Windows Server(R) 2003 R2, Standard x64 Edition
Microsoft(R) Windows Server(R) 2003 R2, Enterprise x64 Edition
Microsoft(R) Windows Server(R) 2003 R2, Standard x64 Edition Windows Server 2003 R2 x64 Editions
Microsoft(R) Windows Server(R) 2003 R2, Enterprise x64 Edition
Microsoft(R) Windows Server(R) 2003, Enterprise Edition (64-bit version) Windows Server 2003 (IPF)
Microsoft(R) Windows Server(R) 2008 Standard Windows Server 2008 Standard Windows Server 2008
Microsoft(R) Windows Server(R) 2008 Enterprise Windows Server 2008 Enterprise
Microsoft(R) Windows Server(R) 2008 R2 Standard (x64) Windows Server 2008 R2
Microsoft(R) Windows Server(R) 2008 R2 Enterprise (x64)
Microsoft(R) Windows Server(R) 2008 R2 Datacenter (x64)
Microsoft(R) Windows Server(R) 2008 Standard (x64) Windows Server 2008 (x64)
Microsoft(R) Windows Server(R) 2008 Enterprise (x64)
Microsoft(R) Windows Server(R) 2003, Standard x64 Edition Windows Server 2003 x64 Editions Windows (x64)
Microsoft(R) Windows Server(R) 2003, Enterprise x64 Edition
Microsoft(R) Windows Server(R) 2003 R2, Standard x64 Edition
Microsoft(R) Windows Server(R) 2003 R2, Enterprise x64 Edition
Microsoft(R) Windows(R) XP Professional x64 Edition Windows XP x64 Edition
Microsoft(R) Windows Server(R) 2003, Enterprise Edition (64-bit version) Windows Server 2003 (IPF) Windows (IPF)
Microsoft(R) Windows(R) XP Professional x64 Edition Windows XP x64 Edition Windows XP
Microsoft(R) Windows(R) XP Professional Operating System Windows XP Professional
Microsoft(R) Windows(R) XP Home Edition Operating System Windows XP Home Edition
Microsoft(R) Windows Vista(R) Home Basic Windows Vista Home Basic Windows Vista
Microsoft(R) Windows Vista(R) Home Premium Windows Vista Home Premium
Microsoft(R) Windows Vista(R) Ultimate Windows Vista Ultimate
Microsoft(R) Windows Vista(R) Business Windows Vista Business
Microsoft(R) Windows Vista(R) Enterprise Windows Vista Enterprise
Microsoft(R) Windows Vista(R) Home Basic (x64) Windows Vista (x64)
Microsoft(R) Windows Vista(R) Home Premium (x64)
Microsoft(R) Windows Vista(R) Ultimate (x64)
Microsoft(R) Windows Vista(R) Business (x64)
Microsoft(R) Windows Vista(R) Enterprise (x64)
Microsoft(R) Windows(R) 7 Home Premium Windows 7
Microsoft(R) Windows(R) 7 Professional
Microsoft(R) Windows(R) 7 Enterprise
Microsoft(R) Windows(R) 7 Ultimate
Microsoft(R) Windows(R) 7 Home Premium (x64) Windows 7 (x64)
Microsoft(R) Windows(R) 7 Professional (x64)
Microsoft(R) Windows(R) 7 Enterprise (x64)
Microsoft(R) Windows(R) 7 Ultimate (x64)
Single server SDS
System manager MGR
Front-end server FES
Dictionary server DS
Back-end server BES

This manual also uses the following acronyms:

Acronym Full name or meaning
ACK Acknowledgement
ADM Adaptable Data Manager
ADO ActiveX Data Objects
ADT Abstract Data Type
AP Application Program
API Application Programming Interface
ASN.1 Abstract Syntax Notation One
BES Back End Server
BLOB Binary Large Object
BMP Basic Multilingual Plane
BOM Byte Order Mark
CD-ROM Compact Disc - Read Only Memory
CGI Common Gateway Interface
CLOB Character Large Object
CMT Cassette Magnetic Tape
COBOL Common Business Oriented Language
CORBA(R) Common ORB Architecture
CPU Central Processing Unit
CSV Comma Separated Values
DAO Data Access Object
DAT Digital Audio Tape
DB Database
DBM Database Module
DBMS Database Management System
DDL Data Definition Language
DF for Windows NT Distributing Facility for Windows NT
DF/UX Distributing Facility/for UNIX
DIC Dictionary Server
DLT Digital Linear Tape
DML Data Manipulate Language
DNS Domain Name System
DOM Document Object Model
DS Dictionary Server
DTD Document Type Definition
DTP Distributed Transaction Processing
DWH Data Warehouse
EUC Extended UNIX Code
EX Exclusive
FAT File Allocation Table
FD Floppy Disk
FES Front End Server
FQDN Fully Qualified Domain Name
FTP File Transfer Protocol
GUI Graphical User Interface
HBA Host Bus Adapter
HD Hard Disk
HTML Hyper Text Markup Language
ID Identification number
IP Internet Protocol
IPF Itanium(R) Processor Family
JAR Java Archive File
Java VM Java Virtual Machine
JDBC Java Database Connectivity
JDK Java Developer's Kit
JFS Journaled File System
JFS2 Enhanced Journaled File System
JIS Japanese Industrial Standard code
JP1 Job Management Partner 1
JRE Java Runtime Environment
JTA Java Transaction API
JTS Java Transaction Service
KEIS Kanji processing Extended Information System
LAN Local Area Network
LDAP Lightweight Directory Access Protocol
LIP Loop Initialization Process
LOB Large Object
LRU Least Recently Used
LTO Linear Tape-Open
LU Logical Unit
LUN Logical Unit Number
LVM Logical Volume Manager
MGR System Manager
MIB Management Information Base
MRCF Multiple RAID Coupling Feature
MSCS Microsoft Cluster Server
MSFC Microsoft Failover Cluster
NAFO Network Adapter Fail Over
NAPT Network Address Port Translation
NAT Network Address Translation
NIC Network Interface Card
NIS Network Information Service
NTFS New Technology File System
ODBC Open Database Connectivity
OLAP Online Analytical Processing
OLE Object Linking and Embedding
OLTP On-Line Transaction Processing
OOCOBOL Object Oriented COBOL
ORB Object Request Broker
OS Operating System
OSI Open Systems Interconnection
OTS Object Transaction Service
PC Personal Computer
PDM II E2 Practical Data Manager II Extended Version 2
PIC Plug-in Code
PNM Public Network Management
POSIX Portable Operating System Interface for UNIX
PP Program Product
PR Protected Retrieve
PU Protected Update
RAID Redundant Arrays of Inexpensive Disk
RD Relational Database
RDB Relational Database
RDB1 Relational Database Manager 1
RDB1 E2 Relational Database Manager 1 Extended Version 2
RDO Remote Data Objects
RiSe Real time SAN replication
RM Resource Manager
RMM Resource Manager Monitor
RPC Remote Procedure Call
SAX Simple API for XML
SDS Single Database Server
SGML Standard Generalized Markup Language
SJIS Shift JIS
SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol
SNTP Simple Network Time Protocol
SQL Structured Query Language
SQL/K Structured Query Language / VOS K`
SR Shared Retrieve
SU Shared Update
TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol
TM Transaction Manager
TMS-4V/SP Transaction Management System - 4V / System Product
UAP User Application Program
UOC User Own Coding
VOS K Virtual-storage Operating System Kindness
VOS1 Virtual-storage Operating System 1
VOS3 Virtual-storage Operating System 3
WS Workstation
WWW World Wide Web
XDM/BASE E2 Extensible Data Manager / Base Extended Version 2
XDM/DF Extensible Data Manager / Distributing Facility
XDM/DS Extensible Data Manager / Data Spreader
XDM/RD E2 Extensible Data Manager / Relational Database Extended Version 2
XDM/SD E2 Extensible Data Manager / Structured Database Extended Version 2
XDM/XT Extensible Data Manager / Data Extract
XDS Extended Data Server
XFIT Extended File Transmission program
XML Extensible Markup Language

Path name representations

Windows version: %PDDIR%\CLIENT\UTL\

UNIX version: $PDDIR/client/lib/

Log representations

[Figure] Windows version
The application log that is displayed by Windows Event Viewer is referred to as the event log. The following procedure is used to view the event log.

To view the event log:
1. Choose Start, Programs, Administrative Tools (Common), and then Event Viewer.
2. Choose Log, and then Application.
The application log is displayed. Messages with HiRDBSingleServer or HiRDBParallelServer displayed in the Source column were issued by HiRDB.
If you specified a setup identifier when you installed HiRDB, the specified setup identifier follows HiRDBSingleServer or HiRDBParallelServer.

[Figure] UNIX version
The OS log is referred to generically as syslogfile. syslogfile is the log output destination specified in /etc/syslog.conf. Typically, the following files are specified as syslogfile.
OS File
HP-UX /var/adm/syslog/syslog.log
Solaris /var/adm/messages or /var/log/syslog
AIX /var/adm/ras/syslog
Linux /var/log/messages

Conventions: Diagrams

This manual uses the following conventions in diagrams:

[Figure]

Conventions: Fonts and symbols

The following table explains the fonts used in this manual:

Font Convention
Bold Bold type indicates text on a window, other than the window title. Such text includes menus, menu options, buttons, radio box options, or explanatory labels. For example:
  • From the File menu, choose Open.
  • Click the Cancel button.
  • In the Enter name entry box, type your name.
Italics Italics are used to indicate a placeholder for some actual text to be provided by the user or system. For example:
  • Write the command as follows:
    copy source-file target-file
  • The following message appears:
    A file was not found. (file = file-name)
Italics are also used for emphasis. For example:
  • Do not delete the configuration file.
Code font A code font indicates text that the user enters without change, or text (such as messages) output by the system. For example:
  • At the prompt, enter dir.
  • Use the send command to send mail.
  • The following message is displayed:
    The password is incorrect.
SD Bold code-font characters indicate the abbreviation for a command.
perm Underlined characters indicate the default value.

The following table explains the symbols used in this table:

Symbol Convention
| In syntax explanations, a vertical bar separates multiple items, and has the meaning of OR. For example:
A|B|C means A, or B, or C.
{ } In syntax explanations, curly brackets indicate that only one of the enclosed items is to be selected. For example:
A|B|C means A, or B, or C.
[ ] In syntax explanations, square brackets indicate that the enclosed item or items are optional. For example:
[A] means that you can specify A or nothing.
[B|C] means that you can specify B, or C, or nothing.
... In coding, an ellipsis (...) indicates that one or more lines of coding are not shown for purposes of brevity.
In syntax explanations, an ellipsis indicates that the immediately preceding item can be repeated as many times as necessary. For example:
A, B, B, ... means that, after you specify A, B, you can specify B as many times as necessary.
() Parentheses indicate the range of items to which the vertical bar (|) or ellipsis (...) is applicable.
~ A swung dash precedes the attributes of a user-specified value.
<< >> Double angle brackets enclose the default value that the system assumes when the specification is omitted.
< > A single pair of angle brackets encloses the syntax element notation for a user-specified value.
(()) A double pair of parentheses encloses the permitted range of values that can be specified.

Syntax element conventions

The following table explains the syntactical element symbols used in this manual:

Syntax element Meaning
<alphabetics> The alphabetic characters (A to Z and a to z) and the underscore (_)
<alphabetics and special characters> The alphabetic characters (A to Z and a to z) and the special characters #, @, and \
<alphanumerics> Alphabetic characters and the numeric characters (0 to 9)
<alphanumerics and special characters> Alphabetic characters, special characters, and numeric characters
<unsigned-integer> Numeric values
<unsigned-decimal>#1 Numeric value (0 to 9), period (.), numeric value (0 to 9)
<identifier>#2 Alphanumeric character string beginning with an alphabetic character
<character-string> String of any characters
<symbolic-name> Alphanumeric character string beginning with an alphabetic character or a special character
In the UNIX edition, symbolic names cannot include a backslash (\).
<path-name>#3 In the UNIX edition, path names can include forward slashes (/), alphanumeric characters, periods (.), hash marks (#), and at marks (@).
In the Windows edition, path names can include backslashes (\), alphanumeric characters, periods (.), spaces, parentheses (( and )), hash marks (#), and at marks (@).

Use all single-byte characters. Alphabetic characters are case-sensitive. The path name depends on the OS in use.

#1
If all the numeric characters preceding the period are zeros (0), those zeros can be omitted. Similarly, if all the numeric characters following the period are zeros (0), those zeros can be omitted.
Example 1: 0.008 [Figure] .008
Example 2: 15.000 [Figure] 15

#2
RDAREA names must begin with an alphabetic or special character, and can include alphanumeric and special characters, underscores (_), hyphens (-), and spaces. When an RDAREA name includes a space, the entire name must be enclosed in double quotation marks (").
A host name is a character string that can include one or more alphabetic characters (A to Z, a to z), numeric characters, periods (.), hyphens (-), underscores (_), and at marks (@). A host name can begin with a numeric character.

#3
If you use a space or a parenthesis in a path name, you must enclose the entire path name in double quotation marks (").
In the Windows edition, you can use a colon (:) in the drive name.

Notations used in computational expressions

The following notations are used in computational expressions

Symbol Meaning
[Figure] [Figure] Round up the result to the next integer.
Example: The result of [Figure]34 [Figure] 3[Figure] is 12.
[Figure] [Figure] Discard digits following the decimal point.
Example: The result of [Figure]34 [Figure] 3[Figure] is 11.
MAX Select the largest value as the result.
Example: The result of Max(10, 2 x 4, 3 + 8) is 11.
MIN Select the smallest value as the result.
Example: The result of Min(10, 2 x 4, 3 + 8) is 8.

Notes on Windows path names

Example: C:\win32app\hitachi\hirdb_s\spool\tmp

Example: pdinit -d "C:\Program Files(x86)\hitachi\hirdb_s\conf\mkinit"

However, double quotation marks are not necessary when you use the set command in a batch file or at the command prompt to set an environment variable, or when you specify the installation directory. If you do use double quotation marks in such a case, the double quotation marks become part of the value assigned to the environment variable.

Example: set PDCLTPATH=C:\Program Files\hitachi\hirdb_s\spool

Conventions: KB, MB, GB, and TB

This manual uses the following conventions:

Conventions: Version numbers

The version numbers of Hitachi program products are usually written as two sets of two digits each, separated by a hyphen. For example:

The version number might be shown on the spine of a manual as Ver. 2.00, but the same version number would be written in the program as 02-00.

HiRDB database language acknowledgements

The interpretations and specifications developed by Hitachi, Ltd. for the HiRDB database language specifications described in this manual are based on the standards listed below. In addition to citing the standards relevant to HiRDB database language specifications, we would like to take this opportunity to express our appreciation to the original developers of these standards.

Legend:

JIS: Japanese Industrial Standards

ISO: International Organization for Standardization

IEC: International Electrotechnical Commission

Important notes on this manual

The following facilities are explained, but they are not supported:

The following products and option program products are explained, but they are not supported:

Notes on printed manuals

Please note that even though the printed manuals are separated into Part I and Part II, the chapters and page numbers sequentially continue from Part I to Part II. Also, please note that the index is only included in Part II.