Preface

This manual is intended for users who will be constructing or operating HiRDB Version 8 ("HiRDB") relational database systems.

It is assumed that readers of this manual have the following:

• A basic knowledge of managing Windows systems
• A basic knowledge of SQL

This manual is organized as follows:

Chapter 1. Overview

Explains HiRDB features, system configurations, and access modes, and describes HiRDB option program products and other HiRDB-related products.

Chapter 2. Linking to HiRDB Option Program Products and Other HiRDB-Related Products

Explains the functions that can be implemented by linking HiRDB to HiRDB option program products and other HiRDB-related products.

Chapter 3. Database Logical Structure

Explains the logical structure of a HiRDB database (RDAREAs, schemas, tables, indexes, and expansion into an object relational database).

Chapter 4. Database Physical Structure

Explains the physical structure of a HiRDB database (segments, and pages).

Chapter 5. Database Access Using SQL

Explains the use of the SQL database manipulation language to manipulate data in HiRDB.

Chapter 6. HiRDB Architecture

Explains the architecture of HiRDB.

Chapter 7. Database Management

Explains how the HiRDB administrator manages a database.

Chapter 8. Error-handling Facilities

Explains error-handling facilities (system switchover facility and recovery-unnecessary front-end servers).

Chapter 9. Facilities Related to Security Measures

Describes facilities that provide support for database security measures (security facility, security audit facility, and connection security facility).

Chapter 10. Plug-ins

Provides an overview of the HiRDB plug-ins feature and explains its functions and the functions of HiRDB when the plug-ins feature is used.

Chapter 11. 64-Bit-Mode HiRDB

Explains HiRDB operation in the 64-bit mode, which is provided for support of large systems.

Appendix A. Functional Differences Between HiRDB Versions on Different Platforms

Explains the functional differences between HiRDB versions on different platforms.

Appendix B. Data Dictionary Tables

Explains the HiRDB data dictionary tables.

Appendix C. HiRDB Client and HiRDB Server Connectivity

Provides lists by platform of connectable and non-connectable HiRDB clients and servers.

Appendix D. Glossary

Explains the terms used in the HiRDB Version 8 manuals.

This manual is related to the following manuals, which should be read as required.

HiRDB (for Windows)

• For Windows Systems HiRDB Version 8 Installation and Design Guide (3020-6-352(E))
• For Windows Systems HiRDB Version 8 System Definition (3020-6-353(E))
• For Windows Systems HiRDB Version 8 System Operation Guide (3020-6-354(E))
• For Windows Systems HiRDB Version 8 Command Reference (3020-6-355(E))

HiRDB (for UNIX)

• For UNIX Systems HiRDB Version 8 Description (3000-6-351(E))
• For UNIX Systems HiRDB Version 8 Installation and Design Guide (3000-6-352(E))
• For UNIX Systems HiRDB Version 8 System Definition (3000-6-353(E))
• For UNIX Systems HiRDB Version 8 System Operation Guide (3000-6-354(E))
• For UNIX Systems HiRDB Version 8 Command Reference (3000-6-355(E))
• HiRDB Staticizer Option Version 7 Description and User's Guide (3000-6-282(E))
• For UNIX Systems HiRDB Version 8 Disaster Recovery System Configuration and Operation Guide (3000-6-364)^*

HiRDB (for both Windows and UNIX)

• HiRDB Version 8 UAP Development Guide (3020-6-356(E))
• HiRDB Version 8 SQL Reference (3020-6-357(E))
• HiRDB Version 8 Messages (3020-6-358(E))
• HiRDB Datareplicator Version 8 Description, User's Guide and Operator's Guide (3020-6-360(E))
• HiRDB Dataextractor Version 8 Description, User's Guide and Operator's Guide (3020-6-362(E))

* This manual has been published in Japanese only; it is not available in English.

You must use the UNIX or the Windows manuals, as appropriate to the platform you are using.

Others

• HiRDB External Data Access Version 7 Description and User's Guide (3000-6-284(E))
• Job Management Partner 1/Integrated Management - Manager System Configuration and User's Guide (3020-3-K01(E))
• Job Management Partner 1/Base User's Guide (3020-3-K06(E))
• Job Management Partner 1/Automatic Job Management System 2 Description (3020-3-K21(E))
• Job Management Partner 1/Integrated Manager - Console (3020-3-F01(E))
• Job Management Partner 1/Base (3020-3-F04(E))
• Job Management Partner 1/Automatic Job Management System 2 Description (3020-3-F06(E))
• JP1 V6 JP1/Automatic Job Management System 2 User's Guide (3020-3-980(E))
• JP1 V6 JP1/Base (3020-3-986(E))
• JP1 Version 6 JP1/VERITAS NetBackup v4.5 Agent for HiRDB License Description and User's Guide (3020-3-D79(E))

The HiRDB manuals are organized as shown below. For the most efficient use of these manuals, it is suggested that they be read in the order they are shown, going from left to right.

Unless otherwise required, this manual uses the following abbreviations for product and other names.

Name of product or other entity	Representation
HiRDB/Single Server Version 8	HiRDB/Single Server	HiRDB or HiRDB Server
HiRDB/Single Server Version 8(64)
HiRDB/Parallel Server Version 8	HiRDB/Parallel Server
HiRDB/Parallel Server Version 8(64)
HiRDB/Developer's Kit Version 8	HiRDB/Developer's Kit	HiRDB Client
HiRDB/Developer's Kit Version 8(64)
HiRDB/Run Time Version 8	HiRDB/Run Time
HiRDB/Run Time Version 8(64)
HiRDB Datareplicator Version 8	HiRDB Datareplicator
HiRDB Dataextractor Version 8	HiRDB Dataextractor
HiRDB Text Search Plug-in Version 7	HiRDB Text Search Plug-in
HiRDB Spatial Search Plug-in Version 3	HiRDB Spatial Search Plug-in
HiRDB Staticizer Option Version 8	HiRDB Staticizer Option
HiRDB LDAP Option Version 8	HiRDB LDAP Option
HiRDB Advanced Partitioning Option Version 8	HiRDB Advanced Partitioning Option
HiRDB Advanced High Availability Version 8	HiRDB Advanced High Availability
HiRDB Non Recover Front End Server Version 8	HiRDB Non Recover FES
HiRDB Disaster Recovery Light Edition Version 8	HiRDB Disaster Recovery Light Edition
HiRDB External Data Access Version 8	HiRDB External Data Access
HiRDB External Data Access Adapter Version 8	HiRDB External Data Access Adapter
HiRDB Adapter for XML - Standard Edition	HiRDB Adapter for XML
HiRDB Adapter for XML - Enterprise Edition
HiRDB Control Manager	HiRDB CM
HiRDB Control Manager Agent	HiRDB CM Agent
Hitachi TrueCopy	TrueCopy
Hitachi TrueCopy basic
TrueCopy
TrueCopy remote replicator
JP1/Automatic Job Management System 2	JP1/AJS2
JP1/Automatic Job Management System 2 - Scenario Operation	JP1/AJS2-SO
JP1/Cm2/Extensible SNMP Agent	JP1/ESA
JP1/Cm2/Extensible SNMP Agent for Mib Runtime
JP1/Cm2/Network Node Manager	JP1/NNM
JP1/Integrated Management - Manager	JP1/Integrated Management or JP1/IM
JP1/Integrated Management - View
JP1/Magnetic Tape Access	EasyMT
EasyMT
JP1/Magnetic Tape Library	MTguide
JP1/NETM/DM	JP1/NETM/DM
JP1/NETM/DM Manager
JP1/Performance Management	JP1/PFM
JP1/Performance Management Agent for HiRDB	JP1/PFM-Agent for HiRDB
JP1/Performance Management - Agent for Platform	JP1/PFM-Agent for Platform
JP1/Performance Management/SNMP System Observer	JP1/SSO
JP1/VERITAS NetBackup BS v4.5	NetBackup
JP1/VERITAS NetBackup v4.5
JP1/VERITAS NetBackup BS V4.5 Agent for HiRDB License	JP1/VERITAS NetBackup Agent for HiRDB License
JP1/VERITAS NetBackup V4.5 Agent for HiRDB License
JP1/VERITAS NetBackup 5 Agent for HiRDB License
OpenTP1/Server Base Enterprise Option	TP1/EE
Virtual-storage Operating System 3/Forefront System Product	VOS3/FS	VOS3
Virtual-storage Operating System 3/Leading System Product	VOS3/LS
Extensible Data Manager/Base Extended Version 2 XDM basic program XDM/BASE E2	XDM/BASE E2
XDM/Data Communication and Control Manager 3 XDM Data communication control XDM/DCCM3	XDM/DCCM3
XDM/Relational Database XDM/RD	XDM/RD	XDM/RD
XDM/Relational Database Extended Version 2 XDM/RD E2	XDM/RD E2
VOS3 Database Connection Server	DB Connection Server
DB2 Universal Database for OS/390 Version 6	DB2
DNCWARE ClusterPerfect (Linux Version)	ClusterPerfect
Microsoft(R) Excel	Microsoft Excel or Excel
Microsoft(R) Visual C++(R)	Visual C++ or C++
Oracle 8i	ORACLE
Oracle 9i
Oracle 10g
Sun JavaTM System Directory Server	Sun Java System Directory Server or Directory Server
HP-UX 11i V2 (IPF)	HP-UX or HP-UX (IPF)
Red Hat Linux	Linux
Red Hat Enterprise Linux
Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS 3 (IPF)	Linux (IPF)	Linux
Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS 4 (IPF)
Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS 3(AMD64 & Intel EM64T)	Linux (EM64T)
Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS 4(AMD64 & Intel EM64T)
Red Hat Enterprise Linux ES 4(AMD64 & Intel EM64T)
turbolinux 7 Server for AP8000	Linux for AP8000
Microsoft(R) Windows NT(R) Workstation Operating System Version 4.0	Windows NT
Microsoft(R) Windows NT(R) Server Network Operating System Version 4.0
Microsoft(R) Windows(R) 2000 Professional Operating System	Windows 2000
Microsoft(R) Windows(R) 2000 Server Operating System
Microsoft(R) Windows(R) 2000 Datacenter Server Operating System
Microsoft(R) Windows(R) 2000 Advanced Server Operating System	Windows 2000 or Windows 2000 Advanced Server
Microsoft(R) Windows ServerTM 2003, Standard Edition	Windows Server 2003
Microsoft(R) Windows ServerTM 2003, Enterprise Edition
Microsoft(R) Windows ServerTM 2003 R2, Standard Edition	Windows Server 2003 R2 or Windows Server 2003
Microsoft(R) Windows ServerTM 2003 R2, Enterprise Edition
64 bit Version Microsoft(R) Windows ServerTM 2003, Enterprise Edition (IPF)	Windows Server 2003 (IPF) or Windows Server 2003
Microsoft(R) Windows ServerTM 2003, Standard x64 Edition	Windows Server 2003 or Windows Server 2003 x64 Editions	Windows (x64)
Microsoft(R) Windows ServerTM 2003, Enterprise x64 Edition
Microsoft(R) Windows ServerTM 2003 R2, Standard x64 Edition	Windows Server 2003, Windows Server 2003 R2 or Windows Server 2003 x64 Editions
Microsoft(R) Windows ServerTM 2003 R2, Enterprise x64 Edition
Microsoft(R) Windows(R) XP Professional x64 Edition	Windows XP or Windows XP x64 Edition
Microsoft(R) Windows(R) XP Professional Operating System	Windows XP Professional	Windows XP
Microsoft(R) Windows(R) XP Home Edition Operating System	Windows XP Home Edition
Single server	SDS
System manager	MGR
Front-end server	FES
Dictionary server	DS
Back-end server	BES

• Windows 2000, Windows XP, and Windows Server 2003 may be referred to collectively as Windows.
• The HiRDB directory path is represented as %PDDIR%. The path of the Windows installation directory is represented as %windir%.
• The hosts file means the hosts file stipulated by TCP/IP. As a rule, a reference to the hosts file means the %windir%\system32\drivers\etc\hosts file.

This manual also uses the following abbreviations:

Abbreviation	Full name or meaning
ACK	Acknowledgement
ADM	Adaptable Data Manager
ADO	ActiveX Data Objects
ADT	Abstract Data Type
AP	Application Program
API	Application Programming Interface
ASN.1	Abstract Syntax Notation One
BES	Back End Server
BLOB	Binary Large Object
BOM	Byte Order Mark
CD-ROM	Compact Disc - Read Only Memory
CGI	Common Gateway Interface
CLOB	Character Large Object
CMT	Cassette Magnetic Tape
COBOL	Common Business Oriented Language
CORBA(R)	Common ORB Architecture
CPU	Central Processing Unit
CSV	Comma Separated Values
DAO	Data Access Object
DAT	Digital Audio Taperecorder
DB	Database
DBM	Database Module
DBMS	Database Management System
DDL	Data Definition Language
DF for Windows NT	Distributing Facility for Windows NT
DF/UX	Distributing Facility/for UNIX
DIC	Dictionary Server
DLT	Digital Linear Tape
DML	Data Manipulate Language
DNS	Domain Name System
DOM	Document Object Model
DS	Dictionary Server
DTD	Document Type Definition
DTP	Distributed Transaction Processing
DWH	Data Warehouse
EUC	Extended UNIX Code
EX	Exclusive
FAT	File Allocation Table
FD	Floppy Disk
FES	Front End Server
FQDN	Fully Qualified Domain Name
FTP	File Transfer Protocol
GUI	Graphical User Interface
HBA	Host Bus Adapter
HD	Hard Disk
HTML	Hyper Text Markup Language
ID	Identification number
IP	Internet Protocol
IPF	Itanium(R) Processor Family
JAR	Java Archive File
Java VM	Java Virtual Machine
JDBC	Java Database Connectivity
JDK	Java Developer's Kit
JFS	Journaled File System
JFS2	Enhanced Journaled File System
JIS	Japanese Industrial Standard code
JP1	Job Management Partner 1
JRE	Java Runtime Environment
JTA	Java Transaction API
JTS	Java Transaction Service
KEIS	Kanji processing Extended Information System
LAN	Local Area Network
LDAP	Lightweight Directory Access Protocol
LIP	loop initialization process
LOB	Large Object
LRU	Least Recently Used
LTO	Linear Tape-Open
LU	Logical Unit
LUN	Logical Unit Number
LVM	Logical Volume Manager
MGR	System Manager
MIB	Management Information Base
MRCF	Multiple RAID Coupling Feature
MSCS	Microsoft Cluster Server
NAFO	Network Adapter Fail Over
NAPT	Network Address Port Translation
NAT	Network Address Translation
NIC	Network Interface Card
NIS	Network Information Service
NTFS	New Technology File System
ODBC	Open Database Connectivity
OLAP	Online Analytical Processing
OLE	Object Linking and Embedding
OLTP	On-Line Transaction Processing
OOCOBOL	Object Oriented COBOL
ORB	Object Request Broker
OS	Operating System
OSI	Open Systems Interconnection
OTS	Object Transaction Service
PC	Personal Computer
PDM II E2	Practical Data Manager II Extended Version 2
PIC	Plug-in Code
PNM	Public Network Management
POSIX	Portable Operating System Interface for UNIX
PP	Program Product
PR	Protected Retrieve
PU	Protected Update
RAID	Redundant Arrays of Inexpensive Disk
RD	Relational Database
RDB	Relational Database
RDB1	Relational Database Manager 1
RDB1 E2	Relational Database Manager 1 Extended Version 2
RDO	Remote Data Objects
RiSe	Real time SAN replication
RM	Resource Manager
RMM	Resource Manager Monitor
RPC	Remote Procedure Call
SAX	Simple API for XML
SDS	Single Database Server
SGML	Standard Generalized Markup Language
SJIS	Shift JIS
SNMP	Simple Network Management Protocol
SQL	Structured Query Language
SQL/K	Structured Query Language / VOS K
SR	Shared Retrieve
SU	Shared Update
TCP/IP	Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol
TM	Transaction Manager
TMS-4V/SP	Transaction Management System - 4V / System Product
UAP	User Application Program
UOC	User Own Coding
VOS K	Virtual-storage Operating System Kindness
VOS1	Virtual-storage Operating System 1
VOS3	Virtual-storage Operating System 3
WS	Workstation
WWW	World Wide Web
XDM/BASE E2	Extensible Data Manager / Base Extended Version 2
XDM/DF	Extensible Data Manager / Distributing Facility
XDM/DS	Extensible Data Manager / Data Spreader
XDM/RD E2	Extensible Data Manager / Relational Database Extended Version 2
XDM/SD E2	Extensible Data Manager / Structured Database Extended Version 2
XDM/XT	Extensible Data Manager / Data Extract
XFIT	Extended File Transmission program
XML	Extensible Markup Language

The application log that is displayed by Windows Event Viewer is referred to as the event log. The following procedure is used to view the event log.

To view the event log:

1. Choose Start, Programs, Administrative Tools (Common), and then Event Viewer.

2. Choose Log, and then Application.

3. The application log is displayed. Messages with HiRDBSingleServer or HiRDBParallelServer displayed in the Source column were issued by HiRDB.

If you specified a setup identifier when you installed HiRDB, the specified setup identifier follows HiRDBSingleServer or HiRDBParallelServer.

This manual uses the following conventions in diagrams:

¹ In some figures, a program is enclosed in a simple rectangle (without the shading).

² Input data files, unload files, and backup files can be stored on magnetic cassette tape (CMT) and digital audio tape (DAT), as well as on magnetic disk; only magnetic disk storage is described in this manual.

Font and symbol conventions are classified as:

• General font conventions
• Conventions in syntax explanations

These conventions are described below.

General font conventions

The following table lists the general font conventions:

Font	Convention
Bold	Bold type indicates text on a window, other than the window title. Such text includes menus, menu options, buttons, radio box options, or explanatory labels. For example, bold is used in sentences such as the following: From the File menu, choose Open. Click the Cancel button. In the Enter name entry box, type your name.
Italics	Italics are used to indicate a placeholder for some actual text provided by the user or system. Italics are also used for emphasis. For example: Write the command as follows: copy source-file target-file Do not delete the configuration file.
Code font	A code font indicates text that the user enters without change, or text (such as messages) output by the system. For example: At the prompt, enter dir. Use the send command to send mail. The following message is displayed: The password is incorrect.

Examples of coding and messages appear as follows (although there may be some exceptions, such as when coding is included in a diagram):

MakeDatabase
...
StoreDatabase temp DB32

In examples of coding, an ellipsis (...) indicates that one or more lines of coding are not shown for purposes of brevity.

Conventions in syntax explanations

Syntax definitions appear as follows:

StoreDatabase [temp|perm] (database-name ...)

The following table lists the conventions used in syntax explanations:

Example font or symbol	Convention
StoreDatabase	Code-font characters must be entered exactly as shown.
database-name	This font style marks a placeholder that indicates where appropriate characters are to be entered in an actual command.
SD	Bold code-font characters indicate the abbreviation for a command.
perm	Underlined characters indicate the default value.
[ ]	Square brackets enclose an item or set of items whose specification is optional.
|	Only one of the options separated by a vertical bar can be specified at the same time.
...	An ellipsis (...) indicates that the item or items enclosed in ( ) or [ ] immediately preceding the ellipsis may be specified as many times as necessary.
()	Parentheses indicate the range of items to which the vertical bar (|) or ellipsis (...) is applicable.

• In this manual, the Windows terms directory and folder are both referred to as directory.
• Include the drive name when you specify an absolute path name.

Example: C:\win32app\hitachi\hirdb_s\spool\tmp

• When you specify a path name in a command argument, in a control statement file, or in a HiRDB system definition file, and that path name includes a space or a parenthesis, you must enclose the entire path name in double quotation marks (").

Example: pdinit -d "C:\Program Files(x86)\hitachi\hirdb_s\conf\mkinit"

However, double quotation marks are not necessary when you use the set command in a batch file or at the command prompt to set an environment variable or when you specify the installation directory. If you do use double quotation marks in such a case, the double quotation marks become part of the value assigned to the environment variable.

Example: set PDCLTPATH=C:\Program Files\hitachi\hirdb_s\spool

• HiRDB cannot use files on a networked drive, so you must install HiRDB and configure the HiRDB environment on a local drive. Files used by utilities, such as utility input and output files, must also be on the local drive.

This manual uses the following conventions:

• 1 KB (kilobyte) is 1,024 bytes.
• 1 MB (megabyte) is 1,024² bytes.
• 1 GB (gigabyte) is 1,024³ bytes.
• 1 TB (terabyte) is 1,024⁴ bytes.

The version numbers of Hitachi program products are usually written as two sets of two digits each, separated by a hyphen. For example:

• Version 1.00 (or 1.0) is written as 01-00.
• Version 2.05 is written as 02-05.
• Version 2.50 (or 2.5) is written as 02-50.
• Version 12.25 is written as 12-25.

The version number might be shown on the spine of a manual as Ver. 2.00, but the same version number would be written in the program as 02-00.

The following facilities are explained, but they are not supported:

• Distributed database facility
• Server mode system switchover facility
• User server hot standby
• Rapid system switchover facility
• Standby-less system switchover (1:1) facility
• Standby-less system switchover (effects distributed) facility
• HiRDB External Data Access facility
• Inner replica facility (when described for the Windows version of HiRDB)
• Updatable online reorganization (when described for the Windows version of HiRDB)
• Sun Java System Directory Server linkage facility
• Simple setup tool

The following products and option program products are explained, but they are not supported:

• HiRDB Control Manager
• HiRDB Disaster Recovery Light Edition
• HiRDB External Data Access
• HiRDB LDAP Option