8.8.2 UPPER

(1) Specification format

scalar-function-UPPER ::= UPPER(character-string-data-to-convert)
 
  character-string-data-to-convert ::= value-expression

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(2) Explanation of specification format

character-string-data-to-convert:

Specifies the character string data to convert.

The following rules apply:

• Specify character-string-data-to-convert in the form of a value expression. For details about value expressions, see 7.20 Value expression.

• Specify CHAR or VARCHAR type data for character-string-data-to-convert.

• You cannot specify a dynamic parameter by itself for character-string-data-to-convert.

The following table shows the character encodings and character ranges that are converted.

Table 8‒24: Character encodings and character ranges that are converted by the scalar function UPPER

Character encoding	Range of characters to be converted	Range of characters post-conversion	Single-byte/double-byte
Unicode (UTF-8)	a (0x61) to z (0x7a)	A (0x41) to Z (0x5a)	Single-byte characters
	(0xefbd81) to (0xefbd9a)	(0xefbca1) to (0xefbcba)	Double-byte characters
Shift-JIS	a (0x61) to z (0x7a)	A (0x41) to Z (0x5a)	Single-byte characters
	(0x8281) to (0x829a)	(0x8260) to (0x8279)	Double-byte characters

The following example illustrates the result of executing the scalar function UPPER.

Example

Convert the lowercase letters in the character string aBc123XyZ to uppercase.

UPPER('aBc123XyZ') → 'ABC123XYZ'

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(3) Rules

1. The length of the data type of character-string-data-to-convert becomes the length of the data type of the execution result.

2. The NOT NULL constraint does not apply to the value of the execution result (the null value is allowed).

3. If character-string-data-to-convert has the null value, the execution result will be a null value.

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(4) Example

Example:

Convert the data in the NAME column of the employee table (EMPLIST) to all uppercase.

  SELECT "USERID",UPPER("NAME")
     FROM "EMPLIST"

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