Preface

This manual describes the operating procedures for the HiRDB Version 8 scalable database server system.

Intended readers

This manual is intended for users who will be constructing or operating HiRDB Version 8 ("HiRDB") relational database systems.

It is assumed that readers of this manual have the following:

This manual is based on the HiRDB Version 8 Description, which should be read before reading this manual.

Organization of this manual

This manual is organized as follows:

Chapter 1. HiRDB Startup and Termination
Explains the procedures for starting and terminating HiRDB, as well as the procedures for starting and terminating units and servers.
Chapter 2. Security Definition
Explains the HiRDB-provided security features and their operating procedures.
Chapter 3. Handling System Log Files
Explains the handling of system log files.
Chapter 4. Handling Synchronization Point Dump Files
Explains the handling of synchronization point dump files.
Chapter 5. Handling Status Files
Explains the handling of status files.
Chapter 6. Backup Procedures
Explains the procedures for making backups.
Chapter 7. Operation Without Acquiring a Database Update Log
Explains the procedures for executing a UAP or utility in the following modes:
[Figure]Pre-update log acquisition mode
[Figure]No-log mode
Chapter 8. Obtaining the System Operating Environment (Monitoring the System Status)
Explains how to obtain information about the system operating environment by monitoring the system status.
Chapter 9. Modifying the System Operating Environment
Explains how to modify the HiRDB system environment definitions.
Chapter 10. Handling HiRDB File System Areas
Explains how to create and delete HiRDB file system areas, obtain backups, and how to restore HiRDB file system areas.
Chapter 11. Modifying the System Configuration
Explains how to modify the unit or server configuration of a HiRDB/Parallel Server; also explains the procedures for migrating from a HiRDB/Single Server to a HiRDB/Parallel Server.
Chapter 12. Migrating Resources Between Systems
Explains how to migrate tables and stored procedures to another HiRDB system.
Chapter 13. Handling Tables
Explains the procedures for reorganizing tables, modifying table definitions, deleting tables, deleting abstract data types, and managing lists, as well as the space conversion facility and the facility for conversion to a decimal signed normalized number.
Chapter 14. Handling Indexes
Explains the procedures for reorganizing and deleting indexes, as well as unbalanced index splitting and delayed batch creation of plug-in indexes.
Chapter 15. Handling RDAREAs
Explains the procedures for adding, deleting, expanding, reinitializing, and automatically increasing RDAREAs, and how to modify the RDAREA opening trigger.
Chapter 16. Handling Stored Procedures and Stored Functions
Explains the procedures for registering stored procedures and stored functions, and the handling of stored procedures and stored functions when they are no longer valid.
Chapter 17. Using Java Stored Procedures and Java Stored Functions
Explains the environment setup and operating procedures for using Java stored procedures and Java stored functions.
Chapter 18. Error Handling Procedures
Explains the handling of errors.
Chapter 19. Database Recovery Procedures
Explains the procedures for recovering a database in the event that it is damaged by an error.
Chapter 20. Obtaining Tuning Information
Explains the procedures for obtaining tuning information.
Chapter 21. Tuning
Explains the tuning procedures.
Chapter 22. Using the Security Audit Facility
Explains the environment setup and operating procedures for the security audit facility.
Chapter 23. Using the Connection Security Facility
Explains how to use the connection security facility, which is designed to enhance the security of HiRDB systems.
Chapter 24. Using the Directory Server Linkage Facility
Explains the environment setup and operating procedures for the Directory Server linkage facility.
Chapter 25. Using the System Switchover Facility
Explains the environment setup and operating procedures for the system switchover facility.
Chapter 26. Using the Facility for Monitoring MIB Performance Information
Explains how to use the facility for monitoring MIB performance information, which uses MIB to collect HiRDB operation information.
Chapter 27. Using a Distributed Database (applicable to HP-UX and AIX 5L only)
Explains the environment setup and operating procedures for distributed databases.
Appendix A. Q & A
Provides in Q&A format the answers to frequently asked questions.
Appendix B. Operations When Using a DVD-RAM Library Device
Explains the procedures for using a DVD-RAM library unit as a storage device.
Appendix C. Information Needed for Troubleshooting
Explains the information needed to use problem-solving support or Q&A support services.
Appendix D. Notes on Running HiRDB Around the Clock
Explains the procedures for and provides notes about running HiRDB continuously around the clock.
Appendix E. Using Performance Improvement Facilities
Explains facilities designed to enhance system performance and how to use them.

Related publications

This manual is related to the following manuals, which should be read as required.

HiRDB (for UNIX)
HiRDB (for Windows)
HiRDB (for both Windows and UNIX)

* This manual has been published in Japanese only; it is not available in English.

You must use the UNIX or the Windows manuals, as appropriate to the platform you are using.

Others

Organization of HiRDB manuals

The HiRDB manuals are organized as shown below. For the most efficient use of these manuals, it is suggested that they be read in the order they are shown, going from left to right.

[Figure]

Conventions: Abbreviations

Unless otherwise required, this manual uses the following abbreviations for product and other names.

Name of product or other entityRepresentation
HiRDB/Single Server Version 8HiRDB/Single ServerHiRDB or HiRDB Server
HiRDB/Single Server Version 8(64)
HiRDB/Parallel Server Version 8HiRDB/Parallel Server
HiRDB/Parallel Server Version 8(64)
HiRDB/Developer's Kit Version 8HiRDB/Developer's KitHiRDB Client
HiRDB/Developer's Kit Version 8(64)
HiRDB/Run Time Version 8HiRDB/Run Time
HiRDB/Run Time Version 8(64)
HiRDB Datareplicator Version 8HiRDB Datareplicator
HiRDB Dataextractor Version 8HiRDB Dataextractor
HiRDB Text Search Plug-in Version 7HiRDB Text Search Plug-in
HiRDB Spatial Search Plug-in Version 3HiRDB Spatial Search Plug-in
HiRDB Staticizer Option Version 8HiRDB Staticizer Option
HiRDB LDAP Option Version 8HiRDB LDAP Option
HiRDB Advanced Partitioning Option Version 8HiRDB Advanced Partitioning Option
HiRDB Advanced High Availability Version 8HiRDB Advanced High Availability
HiRDB Non Recover Front End Server Version 8HiRDB Non Recover FES
HiRDB Disaster Recovery Light Edition Version 8HiRDB Disaster Recovery Light Edition
HiRDB External Data Access Version 8HiRDB External Data Access
HiRDB External Data Access Adapter Version 8HiRDB External Data Access Adapter
HiRDB Adapter for XML - Standard EditionHiRDB Adapter for XML
HiRDB Adapter for XML - Enterprise Edition
HiRDB Control ManagerHiRDB CM
HiRDB Control Manager AgentHiRDB CM Agent
Hitachi TrueCopyTrueCopy
Hitachi TrueCopy basic
TrueCopy
TrueCopy remote replicator
JP1/Automatic Job Management System 2JP1/AJS2
JP1/Automatic Job Management System 2 - Scenario OperationJP1/AJS2-SO
JP1/Cm2/Extensible SNMP AgentJP1/ESA
JP1/Cm2/Extensible SNMP Agent for Mib Runtime
JP1/Cm2/Network Node ManagerJP1/NNM
JP1/Integrated Management - ManagerJP1/Integrated Management or JP1/IM
JP1/Integrated Management - View
JP1/Magnetic Tape AccessEasyMT
EasyMT
JP1/Magnetic Tape LibraryMTguide
JP1/NETM/DMJP1/NETM/DM
JP1/NETM/DM Manager
JP1/Performance ManagementJP1/PFM
JP1/Performance Management Agent for HiRDBJP1/PFM-Agent for HiRDB
JP1/Performance Management - Agent for PlatformJP1/PFM-Agent for Platform
JP1/Performance Management/SNMP System ObserverJP1/SSO
JP1/VERITAS NetBackup BS v4.5NetBackup
JP1/VERITAS NetBackup v4.5
JP1/VERITAS NetBackup BS V4.5 Agent for HiRDB LicenseJP1/VERITAS NetBackup Agent for HiRDB License
JP1/VERITAS NetBackup V4.5 Agent for HiRDB License
JP1/VERITAS NetBackup 5 Agent for HiRDB License
OpenTP1/Server Base Enterprise OptionTP1/EE
Virtual-storage Operating System 3/Forefront System ProductVOS3/FSVOS3
Virtual-storage Operating System 3/Leading System ProductVOS3/LS
Extensible Data Manager/Base Extended Version 2
XDM basic program XDM/BASE E2
XDM/BASE E2
XDM/Data Communication and Control Manager 3
XDM Data communication control XDM/DCCM3
XDM/DCCM3
XDM/Relational Database XDM/RDXDM/RDXDM/RD
XDM/Relational Database Extended Version 2
XDM/RD E2
XDM/RD E2
VOS3 Database Connection ServerDB Connection Server
DB2 Universal Database for OS/390 Version 6DB2
DNCWARE ClusterPerfect (Linux Version)ClusterPerfect
Microsoft(R) ExcelMicrosoft Excel or Excel
Microsoft(R) Visual C++(R)Visual C++ or C++
Oracle 8iORACLE
Oracle 9i
Oracle 10g
Sun JavaTM System Directory ServerSun Java System Directory Server or Directory Server
HP-UX 11i V2 (IPF)HP-UX or HP-UX (IPF)
Red Hat LinuxLinux
Red Hat Enterprise Linux
Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS 3 (IPF)Linux (IPF)Linux
Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS 4 (IPF)
Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS 3(AMD64 & Intel EM64T)Linux (EM64T)
Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS 4(AMD64 & Intel EM64T)
Red Hat Enterprise Linux ES 4(AMD64 & Intel EM64T)
turbolinux 7 Server for AP8000Linux for AP8000
Microsoft(R) Windows NT(R) Workstation Operating System Version 4.0Windows NT
Microsoft(R) Windows NT(R) Server Network Operating System Version 4.0
Microsoft(R) Windows(R) 2000 Professional Operating SystemWindows 2000
Microsoft(R) Windows(R) 2000 Server Operating System
Microsoft(R) Windows(R) 2000 Datacenter Server Operating System
Microsoft(R) Windows(R) 2000 Advanced Server Operating SystemWindows 2000 or Windows 2000 Advanced Server
Microsoft(R) Windows ServerTM 2003, Standard EditionWindows Server 2003
Microsoft(R) Windows ServerTM 2003, Enterprise Edition
Microsoft(R) Windows ServerTM 2003 R2, Standard EditionWindows Server 2003 R2 or Windows Server 2003
Microsoft(R) Windows ServerTM 2003 R2, Enterprise Edition
64 bit Version Microsoft(R) Windows ServerTM 2003, Enterprise Edition (IPF)Windows Server 2003 (IPF) or Windows Server 2003
Microsoft(R) Windows ServerTM 2003, Standard x64 EditionWindows Server 2003 or Windows Server 2003 x64 EditionsWindows (x64)
Microsoft(R) Windows ServerTM 2003, Enterprise x64 Edition
Microsoft(R) Windows ServerTM 2003 R2, Standard x64 EditionWindows Server 2003, Windows Server 2003 R2 or Windows Server 2003 x64 Editions
Microsoft(R) Windows ServerTM 2003 R2, Enterprise x64 Edition
Microsoft(R) Windows(R) XP Professional x64 EditionWindows XP or Windows XP x64 Edition
Microsoft(R) Windows(R) XP Professional Operating SystemWindows XP ProfessionalWindows XP
Microsoft(R) Windows(R) XP Home Edition Operating SystemWindows XP Home Edition
Single serverSDS
System managerMGR
Front-end serverFES
Dictionary serverDS
Back-end serverBES

This manual also uses the following abbreviations:

AbbreviationFull name or meaning
ACKAcknowledgement
ADMAdaptable Data Manager
ADOActiveX Data Objects
ADTAbstract Data Type
APApplication Program
APIApplication Programming Interface
ASN.1Abstract Syntax Notation One
BESBack End Server
BLOBBinary Large Object
BOMByte Order Mark
CD-ROMCompact Disc - Read Only Memory
CGICommon Gateway Interface
CLOBCharacter Large Object
CMTCassette Magnetic Tape
COBOLCommon Business Oriented Language
CORBA(R)Common ORB Architecture
CPUCentral Processing Unit
CSVComma Separated Values
DAOData Access Object
DATDigital Audio Taperecorder
DBDatabase
DBMDatabase Module
DBMSDatabase Management System
DDLData Definition Language
DF for Windows NTDistributing Facility for Windows NT
DF/UXDistributing Facility/for UNIX
DICDictionary Server
DLTDigital Linear Tape
DMLData Manipulate Language
DNSDomain Name System
DOMDocument Object Model
DSDictionary Server
DTDDocument Type Definition
DTPDistributed Transaction Processing
DWHData Warehouse
EUCExtended UNIX Code
EXExclusive
FATFile Allocation Table
FDFloppy Disk
FESFront End Server
FQDNFully Qualified Domain Name
FTPFile Transfer Protocol
GUIGraphical User Interface
HBAHost Bus Adapter
HDHard Disk
HTMLHyper Text Markup Language
IDIdentification number
IPInternet Protocol
IPFItanium(R) Processor Family
JARJava Archive File
Java VMJava Virtual Machine
JDBCJava Database Connectivity
JDKJava Developer's Kit
JFSJournaled File System
JFS2Enhanced Journaled File System
JISJapanese Industrial Standard code
JP1Job Management Partner 1
JREJava Runtime Environment
JTAJava Transaction API
JTSJava Transaction Service
KEISKanji processing Extended Information System
LANLocal Area Network
LDAPLightweight Directory Access Protocol
LIPloop initialization process
LOBLarge Object
LRULeast Recently Used
LTOLinear Tape-Open
LULogical Unit
LUNLogical Unit Number
LVMLogical Volume Manager
MGRSystem Manager
MIBManagement Information Base
MRCFMultiple RAID Coupling Feature
MSCSMicrosoft Cluster Server
NAFONetwork Adapter Fail Over
NAPTNetwork Address Port Translation
NATNetwork Address Translation
NICNetwork Interface Card
NISNetwork Information Service
NTFSNew Technology File System
ODBCOpen Database Connectivity
OLAPOnline Analytical Processing
OLEObject Linking and Embedding
OLTPOn-Line Transaction Processing
OOCOBOLObject Oriented COBOL
ORBObject Request Broker
OSOperating System
OSIOpen Systems Interconnection
OTSObject Transaction Service
PCPersonal Computer
PDM II E2Practical Data Manager II Extended Version 2
PICPlug-in Code
PNMPublic Network Management
POSIXPortable Operating System Interface for UNIX
PPProgram Product
PRProtected Retrieve
PUProtected Update
RAIDRedundant Arrays of Inexpensive Disk
RDRelational Database
RDBRelational Database
RDB1Relational Database Manager 1
RDB1 E2Relational Database Manager 1 Extended Version 2
RDORemote Data Objects
RiSeReal time SAN replication
RMResource Manager
RMMResource Manager Monitor
RPCRemote Procedure Call
SAXSimple API for XML
SDSSingle Database Server
SGMLStandard Generalized Markup Language
SJISShift JIS
SNMPSimple Network Management Protocol
SQLStructured Query Language
SQL/KStructured Query Language/VOS K
SRShared Retrieve
SUShared Update
TCP/IPTransmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol
TMTransaction Manager
TMS-4V/SPTransaction Management System - 4V/System Product
UAPUser Application Program
UOCUser Own Coding
VOS KVirtual-storage Operating System Kindness
VOS1Virtual-storage Operating System 1
VOS3Virtual-storage Operating System 3
WSWorkstation
WWWWorld Wide Web
XDM/BASE E2Extensible Data Manager/Base Extended Version 2
XDM/DFExtensible Data Manager/Distributing Facility
XDM/DSExtensible Data Manager/Data Spreader
XDM/RD E2Extensible Data Manager/Relational Database Extended Version 2
XDM/SD E2Extensible Data Manager/Structured Database Extended Version 2
XDM/XTExtensible Data Manager/Data Extract
XFITExtended File Transmission program
XMLExtensible Markup Language

Log representations

The OS log is referred to generically as syslogfile. syslogfile is the log output destination specified in /etc/syslog.conf. Typically, the following files are specified as syslogfile.

OSFile
HP-UX/var/adm/syslog/syslog.log
Solaris/var/adm/messages or /var/log/syslog
AIX 5L/var/adm/ras/syslog
Linux/var/log/messages

Conventions: Diagrams

This manual uses the following conventions in diagrams:

[Figure]

Conventions: Fonts and symbols

Font and symbol conventions are classified as:

These conventions are described below.

General font conventions

The following table lists the general font conventions:

FontConvention
BoldBold type indicates text on a window, other than the window title. Such text includes menus, menu options, buttons, radio box options, or explanatory labels. For example, bold is used in sentences such as the following:
  • From the File menu, choose Open.
  • Click the Cancel button.
  • In the Enter name entry box, type your name.
ItalicsItalics are used to indicate a placeholder for some actual text provided by the user or system. Italics are also used for emphasis. For example:
  • Write the command as follows:
    copy source-file target-file
  • Do not delete the configuration file.
Code fontA code font indicates text that the user enters without change, or text (such as messages) output by the system. For example:
  • At the prompt, enter dir.
  • Use the send command to send mail.
  • The following message is displayed:
    The password is incorrect.

Examples of coding and messages appear as follows (although there may be some exceptions, such as when coding is included in a diagram):

MakeDatabase
...
StoreDatabase temp DB32

In examples of coding, an ellipsis (...) indicates that one or more lines of coding are not shown for purposes of brevity.

Conventions in syntax explanations

Syntax definitions appear as follows:

StoreDatabase [temp|perm] (database-name ...)

The following table lists the conventions used in syntax explanations. The syntactical characters described below are used to provide a clear explanation of code syntax; you do not actually enter these characters.

Example font or symbolConvention
StoreDatabaseCode-font characters must be entered exactly as shown.
database-nameThis font style marks a placeholder that indicates where appropriate characters are to be entered in an actual command.
SDBold code-font characters indicate the abbreviation for a command.
permUnderlined characters indicate the default value.
[ ]Square brackets enclose an item or set of items whose specification is optional.
Example: pdbuffer [-p]
This example indicates that you can specify either pdbuffer or pdbuffer -p.
|Only one of the options separated by a vertical bar can be specified at the same time.
Example: pdlogadfg -d sys | spd
This example indicates that you can specify either sys or spd for the -d option.
...An ellipsis (...) indicates that the item or items enclosed in ( ) or [ ] immediately preceding the ellipsis may be specified as many times as necessary.
Example: pdbuffer -r RDAREA-name [,RDAREA-name] ...
This example indicates that following -r, you can specify RDAREA-name as many times as necessary.
()Parentheses indicate the range of items to which the vertical bar (|) or ellipsis (...) is applicable.
{ }A single pair of curly brackets encloses multiple items, one of which you must specify.
Example: pdbuffer [{-r RDAREA-name |
-i authorization-identifier.index-identifier | -o}]
This example indicates that you must specify one of the three options enclosed by the curly braces: -r RDAREA-name, -i authorization-identifier.index-identifier, or -o.
{{ }}A double pair of curly brackets encloses multiple items, all of which you can specify multiple times as a unit.
Example: {{pdbuffer -a option-name}}
This example indicates that you can specify the above multiple times as follows:
pdbuffer -a option-name
pdbuffer -a option-name
~A swung dash precedes the attributes of a user-specified value.
<< >>A double pair of angle brackets encloses the default value assumed by the system when the specification is omitted.
< >A single pair of angle brackets encloses the syntax element notation for a user-specified value.
(( ))A double pair of parentheses encloses the permitted range of values that can be specified.

Syntactical element symbols

The following syntactical element symbols are used in this manual:

Syntactical element symbolMeaning
<alphabetics>The alphabetic characters (A-Z and a-z) and the underline (_)
<alphabetics and special characters>The alphabetic characters (A-Z and a-z) and the special characters #, @, and \
<alphanumerics>Alphabetics and the numeric digits (0-9)
<alphanumerics and special characters>Alphabetics, special characters, and numeric digits
<unsigned integer>Numeric value
<hexadecimal>Numeric digits and A-F (or a-f)
<identifier>1Alphanumeric character string beginning with an alphabetic character
<symbolic name>Alphanumeric character string beginning with an alphabetic character or a special character
<character string>Any string of characters
<path name>2Includes symbolic names, forward slashes (/), and periods (.).
Note
All alphabetic characters must be single-byte characters. The syntactical element symbols are case sensitive.
1 An RDAREA name is an alphanumeric character string beginning with an alphabetic character or special character, and can include alphanumeric characters, underscores (_), and spaces. If an RDAREA name includes a space, the entire name must be enclosed in double quotation marks (").
A host name is a character string that can include alphabetic characters (A to Z, a to z), numeric characters, periods (.), hyphens (-), and underscores (_). A host name can begin with a numeric character.
2 Path names depend on the OS being used. Do not use a backslash (\) in HiRDB file system area names.

Notations used in formulas

The following notations are used in computational expressions:

SymbolMeaning
[Figure][Figure]Round up the result to the next integer.
Example: The result of [Figure]34 [Figure] 3[Figure] will be 12.
[Figure][Figure]Discard digits following the decimal point.
Example: The result of [Figure]34 [Figure] 3[Figure] will be 11.
MAXSelect the largest value as the result.
Example: The result of MAX(3 [Figure] 6, 4 + 7) will be18.
MINSelect the smallest value as the result.
Example: The result of MIN(3 [Figure] 6, 4 + 7) will be 11.

Conventions: KB, MB, GB, and TB

This manual uses the following conventions:

Conventions: Version numbers

The version numbers of Hitachi program products are usually written as two sets of two digits each, separated by a hyphen. For example:

The version number might be shown on the spine of a manual as Ver. 2.00, but the same version number would be written in the program as 02-00.

Important notes on this manual

The following facilities are explained, but they are not supported:

The following products and option program products are explained, but they are not supported:

Notes on printed manuals

Please note that even though the printed manuals are separated into Part I and Part II, the chapters and page numbers sequentially continue from Part I to Part II. Also, please note that the index is only included in Part II.